Mountain-Badakhshan Autonomous AREA

Darvaz district

Darvaz district in the administrative district of Mountain-Badakhshan region of Tajikistan.

The regional center - the settlement of urban type Kalai-Khumb, located 241 km north of the city of Khorog.

It was formed December 14, 1930 as the Garm region Kalaihumsky of the Tajik SSR. Decision of the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR № 318 of June 26, 1991 Kalai-Humbskomu area returned the historic name Darvaz.

The head of the district is the Chairman of the Darvaz Khukumat appointed by the President of the Republic of Tajikistan. Head of the government district is the Chairman of the Darvaz Khukumat. Legislature Darvaz district - Majlis deputies, elected popularly for 5 years.

The toponym "Darvaz" means "gate" and appeared in the IX-X centuries.

History

Darvaz - a historical area, the territory which is now divided into two parts: the right bank Darvaz refers to Tajikistan, and the left bank - to Afghanistan. In the Middle Ages called Darvaz Kuranov [1] with the center near the modern village Kevron. In local folklore preserved the more ancient name of the province - Maҳiston.

The territory of modern Darwaza was part of the Achaemenid Empire (VI-IV century. BC. E.).

In the III-II centuries. BCE. Oe. Darvaz as part of the former satrapy of the Achaemenid Bactrian was based on the Greco-Bactrian kingdom, I-III centuries. Mr.. Oe. - From the Kushan Empire in IV-VI centuries. - From Ethtalitian state. Following the defeat of the West Ephtalites Kahanat in VI. Darvaz, like all former possessions Ephtalits, nominally subordinate to the Turkic rulers. In 718, among the possessions subservient Turk "yabgu" Tokharistan in the Chinese chronicles mentioned Shae Khan-on, that is Shugnan, which included a district Kyu-lan, ie Kuran.

In VIII. Darvaz was conquered by Muslim Arabs in the ninth century. was based on Tahirids, in the tenth century. part of the Samanid state in XI-XII centuries. was included in the Ghaznavid State, and then Ghurid.

In the XIII century. Darvaz, like all Tajik land was ruled by the Mongol invaders, and in the XIV-XV centuries. - Timurid rulers, but the dependence Darwaza from the central authorities was nominal.

In the middle of the XVIII century. Darvaz was the leading force of resistance to the rulers of Badakhshan. For example, in 1748 the combined forces Darwaza and Shugnan at the Battle of Lake Shiva managed to defeat the troops of the Emir Sultan Shah of Badakhshan.

In the XVIII century. Shugnan, who was on his vassals, Rushan, and Wuhan were a constant struggle against the political dependence of Badakhshan and Darwaza. Shugnan lords and rulers in Rushan Vahana were vassals of the shahs Darwaza and paid them tribute.

In the XIX century. possession of the shahs Darwaza included the territory of modern Tavildara, Vanj Darvaz and regions of Tajikistan, as well as Hahanskogo and Darvaz districts of Badakhshan Province, Afghanistan.

The capital was Darvaz shahstva settlement Kalai-Khumb with the eponymous castle, situated on the right bank of the Panj.

In 1877, the Emir of Bukhara sends his army to conquer the Darvaz shahstva. Under pressure from Bukhara troops left Kalai-Darwaza Khumb and retreated to the countryside Kevron. It was a decisive battle that ended with the defeat of darvaztsev. Darwaza Shah Abulfayzhan with his family emigrated to Fergana, and then to Afghanistan. Darvaz son Shah - Muhammad Valikhan - later became a prominent Afghan diplomat.

Annexing Darvaz, Bukhara emirate has transformed it into a special bekstvo. It took about 386 square meters. miles with a population of about 35 000. In the north, separated from bekstvo Karategin high ridge of Peter the Great, to the east by Shugnan, from the south - Afghan possessions (Badakhshan), and from the west - Bukhara bekstvami Baldzhuvanom and Kulyab.

Levoberezhny Darvaz, according to the Russian-British agreement on February 2, (March 11), 1895, transferred to Afghanistan, instead of the right bank Vahan, and Rushan Shugnan passed Bukhara emirate.

Geography

Darvaz district is located on both sides of the Darvaz ridge, which departs from the ridge of the Academy of Sciences at the peak of Garmo (6595 m) and stretches almost 200 km tezhdu rivers and Vanch Hingob. On the south side of the river Panj district limits. Darvaz ridge, making the turn, rests on top of Hamtarma (4484 m) near the village of Nulvand.

Darvaz district is bordered on the north by the Tavildara region in the east - with Vanj district in the west - with Khovaling, Muminabad and Shuroabad districts of Khatlon region of Tajikistan in the south - on the River Panj with Hahanskim and Darvaz district of Badakhshan province, Afghanistan.

Darvaz scarred by high mountain ridges, deep gorges, which are flowing fast, and almost impassable rivers, and also very bad in places accessible only to experienced walkers paths and other means of communication has not. Sequentially from north to south Darwaza is the following parts:
River valley. Hingob (hul-forest), a left tributary of Surkhob, which is also called Vahie;
Darvaz ridge (snow, impassable) that separates the valley of the river. Hingob of the gorge, through which the p. Panj,

and from the valley Vancea (right tributary of the last),

Panj valley and Vancea
and, finally, very mountainous, steeply descending to the Panj country on the left side of the latter.

The mountains are high, rocky, covered with eternal snows and glaciers. Woody vegetation is different, and the paucity of artisanal and grass is quite rich and is good pasture. The climate is quite severe, dominated by storms, frosts and blizzards. In summer it gets quite warm, so that in the lowest areas of the country sow cotton.

In the lowlands the climate is subtropical Darwaza. Mountains descend terraces, which are covered with ephemeral vegetation, woodland of pistachios and almonds Bukharian. On flat areas growing pomegranates, persimmons and figs.

Above (from 1600) is a zone forests-bushes, where there are umbrella (eshke-Camogli Yugan-prangos, pabulyariya), as well as almonds and ash. Along the river in small groves of poplar growing, sea buckthorn, willow. Grows on rocky slopes Zeravshan juniper.

The height of 2700 m is the band rose gardens, and above 3000 m - prickly grass (cousin) with Wormwood and fescue.

More dense vegetation on the northern slopes of the ridge and Darvaz on the slopes of the Peter I Range, where there are also walnut, maple, plum, apple, Boyarka.

Is an area of agriculture - wheat, corn, fruit, watermelon, cantaloupe. Higher in the mountains are alpine pastures.

Population

Population Darwaza says an archaic dialect of the Tajik language Darvaz. Darvaz dialect retained the features of classical Persian IX-XIV centuries. Originally population Darwaza spoke on the East Iranian language, close to the Sogdian, Bactrian and modern Pamir languages, but in the XIV century it passed into Farsi.

Population Darvaz district on 1 January 2008 amounted to 23 541 people.

Administrative Division

The structure consists of 4 Darvaz district of rural communities:

The largest settlements are Darwaza:

Kalai-Khumb - 1909 people.
Kevron - 1129 people.
Szeged - 854 people.
Zing - 839 people.
Dashtak - 669 people.
Ruzvay - 636 people.
Khumbu Vary - 553 people.

According to the 2000 Census, in Darvaz area there are 3571 households. The average household size in Darvaz district was 6.6 people.